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1.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 33(2): 108-119, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1401171

ABSTRACT

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is an autoimmune multisystemic syndrome that includes bilateral intraocular inflammation, associated with exudative retinal detachments, and systemic manifestations in the auditory, integumentary, and central nervous systems. The frequency of VKH disease in the world is variable, but in Santiago, Chile, it causes approximately 17% of non-infectious uveitis, an incidence 2 to 3-fold greater than in the USA or European countries. The evidence shows that the pathogenesis of VKH would be caused by cell-mediated autoimmunity directed against melanocytes present in the uveal tissue. CD4+ T lymphocytes (especially hyperactivity of Th17 and Th1 cells), B lymphocytes, cytokines (e.g., TGF-ß, IL-2, IL-6, IL-23 and INF-γ) and chemokines appear to play an important role in the development of VKH. Several lines of evidence support that the pathogenesis of uveitis observed in VKH involves an altered pattern of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNA) expression, driving the loss of immunological tolerance. In this review, we discuss the evidence related to regulation and altered expression of miRNA associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada and other autoimmune diseases. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/physiopathology , MicroRNAs/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/genetics , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/epidemiology
2.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 15(1): 18-25, oct. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353711

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación se propuso determinar el funcionamiento neuropsicológico de los procesos de memoria y funciones ejecutivas en el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Se planteó como un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño comparativo-correlacional y siguiendo un modelo no probabilístico para la selección de la muestra. Participaron 68 personas divididas en dos grupos equitativos, homólogos en edad, género y nivel de escolaridad. Se emplearon escalas para la medición de la funcionalidad en actividades cotidianas, y test estandarizados para la medición de los procesos de memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Se encontró que, el LES afecta la memoria verbal para información con contexto, tanto en almacenes de corto como de largo plazo, y la memoria visual a largo plazo; los pacientes presentan mayores fenómenos patológicos asociados a intrusiones y perseveraciones, y afecta el reconocimiento de la información; también altera la regulación conductual y la velocidad de procesamiento de la información, entre otras capacidades cognitivas, destacándose la tendencia al pensamiento concreto. Logró determinarse que el LES dificulta el funcionamiento de estos procesos cognitivos de forma diversa en sus diferentes formas de actividad funcional, siendo susceptible de modificar su influencia al considerarse factores como la edad, el tiempo en que tarda en establecerse el diagnóstico y el tiempo en tratamiento.


This research aimed to determine the neuropsychological functioning of memory and executive functions processes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was proposed as a study with a quantitative approach, comparative-correlational design followed by a non-probabilistic model for sample selection. 68 participants were divided into two equitable groups, peers in age, gender and level of education. Scales were used to measure functionality in daily activities, and standardized tests for the measurement of memory and executive functions processes. It was found that SLE affects verbal memory for information with context in both short and long-term stores and long-term visual memory, patients present greater pathological phenomena associated with intrusions and perseverations and affects the recognition of information; it also alters the behavioral regulation and the speed of information processing, among other cognitive abilities, highlighting the tendency to concrete thinking. It was determined that SLE hinders the functioning of these cognitive processes in different ways and different forms of functional activity, being able to modify their influence by considering factors such as age, time it takes to establish the diagnosis and time in treatment.


Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o funcionamento neuropsicológico dos processos de memória e funções executivas nos lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Para isso, foi proposto um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, design comparativo-correlacional e seguindo um modelo não probabilístico para a seleção da amostra. Participaram 68 pessoas que foram divididas em dois grupos equitativos, pares em idade, gênero e nível de educação. Foram usadas escalas para medir a funcionalidade em atividades diárias, bem como testes padronizados para a medição de processos de memória e funções executivas. Verificou-se que o LES afeta a memória verbal para informações com contexto em armazenes de curto e longo prazo e em memória visual de longo prazo; os pacientes apresentam mais fenômenos patológicos associados às intrusões e perseverações, e afeta o reconhecimento da informação; altera também a regulação comportamental e a velocidade do processamento da informação, entre outras habilidades cognitivas, destacando a tendência ao pensamento concreto. Assim, determinou-se que o LES dificulta o funcionamento desses processos cognitivos de diferentes formas de atividade funcional, sendo suscetível de modificar sua influência quando são considerados fatores como a idade, o tempo em que tardou para estabelecer-se o diagnóstico e o tempo sob tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Executive Function/physiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Memory/physiology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
3.
An. bras. dermatol ; 94(4): 399-404, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038298

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Background: The Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL) and the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL) questionnaires proved to be reliable tools that measure the disease and treatment burden. Objectives: We aimed to assess the ABQOL and TABQOL in the Arabic population. Methods: The English questionnaires were translated into the Arabic language by a certified translation agency. Eighty autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) patients were included in this study. Patients were asked to answer 2 questionnaires. After 1 week the same patients were asked to answer the same questionnaires again. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 81 years (mean=46), 19 males, 61 females. The ABQOL ranged from 0-37 (mean=16.4±9.2). The TABQOL ranged from 2-43 (mean=21.5±9.4). Test-retest reliability was acceptable, Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for ABQOL and 0.74 for TABQOL. There was no significant correlation between the age of the patients and ABQOL, r =-0.2, p value was 0.183. There was a significant negative correlation between the age of the patients and the TABQOL, r=-0.2, p value was 0.039. There was a significant negative correlation between the education of the patients and the TABQOL, r=-0.3, p value was 0.007. Study limitations: Small sample size of some AIBDs and patients with severe disease. Conclusion: Objective and valuable measurements such as ABQOL and TABQOL are now available to help physicians understand their patient's distress and should be used in every patient with AIBD. Younger and less educated patients appear to have more effects on their QOL from the treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/physiopathology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/therapy , Time Factors , Tunisia , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/immunology , Treatment Outcome , Egypt , Language
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(3): 334-341, mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004354

ABSTRACT

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder where autoantibodies are developed against factor VIII. An early diagnosis is challenging and mandatory: an immediate hemostatic control is required to reduce morbidity and mortality. Laboratory features of AHA are: presence of autoantibodies against factor VIII, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (with normal prothrombin time and thrombin time) and decreased factor VIII levels. In some cases, the results of laboratory tests may be incorrect due to errors in analysis, blood extraction or manipulation of samples; also worth of consideration are limitations in the measurement range and low sensitivity of the tests. This review highlights the importance of adequate screening in patients with suspected AHA to make an adequate diagnosis and reduce overall fatal outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemophilia A/diagnosis , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Autoantibodies/blood , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Blood Coagulation Tests , Factor VIII , Early Diagnosis , Hemophilia A/physiopathology
5.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 38(1): e157, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093382

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Melatonin is a neurohormone, synthesized mainly in the pineal gland, which regulates the circadian rhythm. Objective: To describe the neuroimmunological actions produced by melatonin. Methods: A review on the subject was carried out using articles of free access in the Pubmed database from 2015 to January 2019. Discussion: The effects of melatonin on the wake-sleep cycle are known. Recently it has been shown that this neurohormone can modulate the immune response and reduce seizures in autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases. It induces the pattern of regulatory T lymphocytes and immunomodulatory cytokines maintaining the homeostasis of the internal environment. In the Central Nervous System inhibits the formation of free radicals, has antioxidant functions and can slow neurodegenerative processes. In the peripheral nerves decreases oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. There are drugs that use melatonin as an active ingredient for its beneficial effects. In Cuba, only the history of a publication on this hormone is collected. Conclusions: Melatonin can be a very useful element in the management of inflammatory and neurological diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Melatonin/analysis
6.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(1): 63-71, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286461

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los microRNA (miRNA) son pequeños RNA no codificantes de aproximadamente 17 a 24 nucleótidos de longitud, los cuales se unen complementaria y principalmente en las regiones 3' UTR (región no traducida) de diversos RNA mensajeros (mRNA, messenger RNA). Su función general es regular negativamente la expresión génica a nivel postranscripcional, inhibiendo la traducción. Perfiles de expresión de miRNA alterados han sido identificados en diferentes líquidos, células y tejidos humanos afectados con diversas enfermedades autoinmunes y algunos se han propuestos potencialmente como biomarcadores de diagnóstico, pronóstico, actividad, etcétera, en estas patologías. Adicionalmente, variantes comunes del genoma humano, denominados polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms) localizados en genes de miRNA han sido asociados con susceptibilidad, gravedad, y actividad en estas enfermedades. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la biogénesis de los miRNA, su función, así como los perfiles de expresión y SNP en genes de miRNA asociados con diversas enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo tiroiditis autoinmune (tiroiditis de Hashimoto y enfermedad de Graves), lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide y síndrome de Sjögren primario.


Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 17-24 nucleotides in length, which complementarily and mainly bind in 3' UTR (untranslated region) regions of different messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Their general function is to negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, thus inhibiting translation. miRNA abnormal expression profiles of have been found in different human fluids, cells and tissues affected by different autoimmune diseases, and some of them have been proposed as potential biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, activity etc. in these pathologies. In addition, common variants of the human genome, called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located within miRNA genes, have been associated with susceptibility, severity and activity in these diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe miRNA biogenesis and function, as well as the expression profiles and SNPs in miRNA genes that are associated with different autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis (HashimotoMs thyroiditis and Gravess disease), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , MicroRNAs/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Severity of Illness Index , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 30(1): 13-20, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103775

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) or chronic atrophic gastritis type A, is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the body and fundus mucosa of the stomach. It is an underdiagnosed entity, whose clinical presentation has a broad spectrum, which may include asymptomatic patients; hematological manifestations such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (so called pernicious); non-specific digestive symptoms like dyspepsia; neurological and psychiatric manifestations. AIG is associated with other autoimmune diseases, mainly hypothyroidism ("Tyrogastric Syndrome") and type 1 diabetes. It is characterized by the development of anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies, decrease in pepsinogen I (PGI) level with low PGI/PGII ratio (< 3), and high level of gastrin. Endoscopic findings are not sufficient for the diagnosis of gastric atrophy. The use of the Sydney pathological report protocol and the OLGA/OLGIM system to evaluate the severity of gastritis have improved their diagnosis and the possibility to establish the risk of developing gastric neoplasms. The importance of its diagnosis and surveillance is based on the development of type 1 neuroendocrine gastric neoplasms, in addition to an increased risk of the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, an individualized endoscopic surveillance seems reasonable, with a minimum interval of 3 years.


La gastritis autoinmune (GAI) o gastritis crónica atrófica tipo A, es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta la mucosa del cuerpo y fondo del estómago. La GAI es una entidad subdiagnosticada, cuya presentación clínica es de amplio espectro, puede incluir pacientes asintomáticos; manifestaciones hematológicas, tales como anemia ferropriva, anemia por déficit de vitamina B12 (anemia perniciosa); digestivas inespecíficas tipo dispepsia; neurológicas y psiquiátricas. La GAI está asociada a otras enfermedades autoinmunes, principalmente hipotiroidismo ("síndrome tirogástrico") y diabetes tipo 1. Se caracteriza por el desarrollo de anticuerpos anti células parietales y anti factor intrínseco, bajo nivel de pepsinógeno I (PGI) con una baja relación PGI/PGII (< 3), e hipergastrinemia. Los hallazgos endoscópicos no son suficientes para el diagnóstico de atrofia gástrica. El uso de protocolo de Sydney de reporte patológico y sistema OLGA/OLGIM para evaluar la severidad de gastritis han mejorado su diagnóstico y objetivado su riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias gástricas. La importancia de su diagnóstico y seguimiento está basada en el desarrollo de neoplasias gástricas neuroendocrinas tipo 1, además de un riesgo incrementado de la incidencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico, entre otros. Actualmente, parece razonable un seguimiento endoscópico individualizado, siendo un intervalo mínimo de 3 años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Gastritis, Atrophic/immunology , Gastritis, Atrophic/therapy , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Vitamin B 12 , Autoimmunity , Chronic Disease , Helicobacter pylori , Gastritis, Atrophic/physiopathology , Anemia, Pernicious
8.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 37(4): 357-364, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991280

ABSTRACT

La colangitis biliar primaria (CBP), es una colangiopatía crónica caracterizada por la destrucción selectiva de las células epiteliales biliares de conductos hepáticos de pequeño y mediano calibre, que afecta principalmente a mujeres. Los principales síntomas son la fatiga y el prurito, sin embargo, gran porcentaje de los pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos. El diagnóstico se basa en anticuerpos antimitocondriales (AMA) con títulos >1:40, fosfatasa alcalina >1,5 veces del límite superior normal por más de 24 semanas e histología hepática compatible con la patología. Se asocia con múltiples enfermedades principalmente de carácter autoinmune extra hepáticas, enfermedades tiroideas, óseas, entre otras. El tratamiento de primera línea es el ácido ursodesoxicólico (AUDC) que a pesar que no cura la enfermedad, mejora las pruebas del perfil hepático, así como el retraso en la progresión a cirrosis. Actualmente se encuentran en estudio nuevos tratamientos y terapias adyuvantes. El propósito de esta revisión es ofrecer una actualización de este tema que se presenta en los servicios de medicina interna y gastroenterología; para su realización se conformó un equipo interdisciplinario que desarrolló una búsqueda en la base Medline a través de PubMed con las palabras claves correspondientes y se procedió a una lectura crítica y analítica de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos para el filtro, extracción y síntesis de la información encontrada


Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholangiopathy characterized by a selective destruction of biliary epithelial cells of small and medium caliber hepatic ducts, which mainly affects women. The main symptoms are fatigue and pruritus, however, a large proportion of patients may be asymptomatic. The diagnosis is based on AMA titers >1:40, alkaline phosphatase >1.5 times the upper limit for more than 24 weeks and compatible liver histology. It is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases mainly extrahepatic, thyroid diseases, bone diseases, among others. The first line treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), that improves liver function tests and delay the progression to cirrhosis. Currently, there are new treatments and adjuvant therapies on study. The purpose of this review is to offer an update in this topic, which is very important in gastroenterology and internal medicine. We formed an interdisciplinary team to search in the database Medline thorough PubMed with the key words describe below, we made a critical lecture of the titles and abstracts of each article to write this paper


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis , Pruritus/etiology , Autoantibodies/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use , Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Smoking/adverse effects , Cholangitis/complications , Cholangitis/physiopathology , Cholangitis/immunology , Cholangitis/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Fatigue/etiology , Microbiota , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Mitochondria/immunology , Antibody Specificity
9.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(2): f:140-l:149, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859619

ABSTRACT

A síndrome antifosfolipíde (SAF) é uma doença autoimune sistêmica caracterizada por trombose arterial ou venosa recorrente e/ou morbidade gestacional e pela presença dos anticorpos antifosfolipídeos, podendo apresentar outras manifestações vasculares, como microangiopatia, arteriopatia crônica e SAF catastrófica. Determinados testes laboratoriais para a síndrome (por exemplo, o anticoagulante lúpico) podem sofrer interferência do uso de medicações anticoagulantes, dificultando o diagnóstico. A fisiopatologia da SAF é complexa, sendo enumerados no texto diversos mecanismos patogênicos relacionados à coagulação, ao endotélio e às plaquetas. Por fim, discutimos o tratamento da SAF de acordo com a presença e o tipo de manifestações clínicas, o uso dos anticoagulantes orais diretos e o manejo perioperatório de pacientes com SAF


Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis and/or gestational morbidity and by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It can also cause other vascular manifestations such as microangiopathy, chronic arteriopathy and catastrophic APS (CAPS). Certain laboratory tests for the syndrome (for example, the lupus anticoagulant test) can be affected by the use of anticoagulant agents, making diagnosis more difficult. The pathophysiology of APS is complex, and several mechanisms of pathogenesis related to coagulation, endothelium, and platelets are discussed in this article. We conclude by discussing treatment of APS according to the presence and type of clinical manifestations, use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAs), and perioperative management of patients with APS


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/physiopathology , Autoimmunity/immunology , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Thrombosis/therapy , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Hemorrhage/complications , Heparin/therapeutic use , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor , Risk Factors
10.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 627-635, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770504

ABSTRACT

Vasculitides comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders, occurring as primary or secondary to a broad variety of systemic infectious, malignant or connective tissue diseases. The latter occur more often but their pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully established. Frequent and varied central and peripheral nervous system complications occur in vasculitides and connective tissue diseases. In many cases, the neurological disorders have an atypical clinical course or even an early onset, and the healthcare professionals should be aware of them. The purpose of this brief review was to give an update of the main neurological disorders of common vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, aiming at accurate diagnosis and management, with an emphasis on pathophysiologic mechanisms.


As vasculites são um grupo heterogêneo de doenças autoimunes primárias ou secundárias a uma grande variedade de doenças infecciosas sistêmicas, malignas ou do tecido conjuntivo. Estas últimas são as que ocorrem com mais frequência, porém os mecanismos patogênicos ainda não foram plenamente determinados. Diversas e frequentes complicações do sistema nervoso central e periférico ocorrem nas vasculites e doenças do tecido conjuntivo. Em muitos casos, os distúrbios neurológicos têm evolução clínica atípica ou mesmo início precoce, ao que todos os profissionais de saúde devem estar cientes. O objetivo desta breve revisão foi atualizar os principais distúrbios neurológicos da vasculite comum e das doenças do tecido conjuntivo, visando ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento corretos, com ênfase nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Vasculitis/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Behcet Syndrome/complications , Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis , Behcet Syndrome/physiopathology , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/complications , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/diagnosis , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/physiopathology , Connective Tissue Diseases/diagnosis , Connective Tissue Diseases/physiopathology , Giant Cell Arteritis/complications , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Giant Cell Arteritis/physiopathology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/physiopathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Polyarteritis Nodosa/complications , Polyarteritis Nodosa/diagnosis , Polyarteritis Nodosa/physiopathology , Scleroderma, Systemic/complications , Scleroderma, Systemic/diagnosis , Scleroderma, Systemic/physiopathology , Sjogren's Syndrome/complications , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/physiopathology , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnosis , Takayasu Arteritis/physiopathology , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/complications , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/diagnosis , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Vasculitis/diagnosis , Vasculitis/physiopathology
11.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 28(3): 251-261, mai.-jun. 2015. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775248

ABSTRACT

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma condição autoimune com processo fisiopatológico complexo, no qual sua atividade inflamatória é potencializadora da doença coronariana através de inflamação sistêmica, disfunção endotelial e predisposição à trombose. O acometimento cardiovascular no LES não é critério diagnóstico, sendo considerado somente como dano já estabelecido em longo prazo de doença. O objetivodeste artigo é destacar a importância da visão clínica para a identificação precoce do acometimento cardiovascular no LES. É feita uma análise crítica da abordagem cardiológica no LES, com ênfase nos aspectos clínicos, biomarcadores cardiovasculares e genética e solicitação racional dos exames complementares. Aparticularidade dos pacientes com nefrite lúpica e síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídeo também é destacada.A percepção do dano cardíaco subclínico é fundamental para interromper o ciclo de agressão miocárdica e evitar progressão de doença cardíaca.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition with a complex pathophysiological process in which its inflammatory activity is an enhancer of coronary disease by systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and predisposition to thrombosis. Thecardiovascular involvement in SLE is not a diagnostic criterion and is considered only as damage established in the long-term of the disease. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of clinical vision for the early identification of cardiovascular involvement in SLE. A critical analysis of the cardiac approach in SLE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, cardiovascular biomarkers and genetics and rational request of additional tests. The particularity of patients with lupus nephritis and antiphospholipid antibodysyndrome is also highlighted. The perception of subclinical cardiac damage is critical for interrupting the cycle of myocardial injury and to avoid progression of heart disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Coronary Artery Disease , Ethnicity , Inflammation/physiopathology , Inflammation/genetics , Prevalence , Risk Factors
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(6): 450-456, ago. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-685407

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the main causes of thyroid dysfunction and the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. An association between AITD and infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in combination with the effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), has been suggested by several research groups. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and AITD in women > 35 years of age infected with HIV, and to identify factors associated with the emergence of these thyroid abnormalities. HIV-infected women (n = 153) selected from the infectious disease outpatient clinic at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro were characterized based on their circulating CD4+ lymphocytes levels, viral loads, serum TSH levels, and the presence of FT4 and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab). A total of 129 participants were on HAART and 24 were not. The frequency of thyroid disorders was 7.8% (12/153 patients) and all were on HAART at the time of diagnosis, yielding a prevalence of 9.3% in patients receiving HAART compared with 0% in patients not on HAART. AITD, hyper, and hypothyroidism were detected in 4.6%, 3.1%, and 4.1% of HAART patients. It was not detected any thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity in HIV-infected women not on HAART. This study demonstrated an association between HAART and the development of AITD. In addition AITD only developed in HAART patients also presenting with undetectable viral loads and slightly elevated CD4+ T cell counts.


Doenças tiroidianas autoimunes (DTAI) são a maior causa de disfunção tiroidiana e são as doenças autoimunes mais comuns no mundo. A associação entre DTAI e infecções com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), em combinação com a terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa (HAART), foi sugerida por vários grupos de pesquisadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a fre-quência de disfunção tiroidiana e DTAI em mulheres com mais 35 anos de idade infectadas com o HIV e identificar fatores associados com a emergência dessas anormalidades tiroidianas. As mulheres infectadas com HIV (n = 153), selecionadas do ambulatório de doenças infecciosas de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, foram caracterizadas com base no nível de linfócitos CD4+ circulantes, carga viral, níveis de TSH sérico e presença de anticorpos FT4 e antitiroperoxidase (TPO-Ab). Um total de 129 participantes se tratava com HAART e 24 não. A frequência de desordens da tiroide foi 7,8% (12/153 pacientes) e todas estavam em tratamento com HAART no momento do diagnóstico, levando a uma prevalência 9,3% em pacientes recebendo HAART, em comparação com 0% em pacientes não tratadas com HAART. DTAI, hipertireoidismo e hipotireoidismo foram detectados em 4,6%, 3,1% e 4,1% das pacientes tratadas com HAART. Não foram detectadas disfunção tiroidiana ou autoimunidade em mulheres infectadas com HIV e não tratadas com HAART. Este estudo demonstrou uma associação entre a HAART e o desenvolvimento de DTAI. Além disso, a DTAI apenas se desenvolveu em pacientes tratadas com HAART e que apresentavam cargas virais indetectáveis e contagens de células CD4+ T levemente elevadas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/physiopathology , Thyroid Gland/immunology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/immunology , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 143-147, mar.-abr. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640165

ABSTRACT

Ocular inflammation is one of the leading causes of blindness and loss of vision. Human uveitis is a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation of intraocular tissues. The eye may be the only organ involved, or uveitis may be part of a systemic disease. A significant number of cases are of unknown etiology and are labeled idiopathic. Animal models have been developed to the study of the physiopathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis due to the difficulty in obtaining human eye inflamed tissues for experiments. Most of those models are induced by injection of specific photoreceptors proteins (e.g., S-antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, rhodopsin, recoverin, phosducin). Non-retinal antigens, including melanin-associated proteins and myelin basic protein, are also good inducers of uveitis in animals. Understanding the basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of autoimmune ocular diseases are essential for the development of new treatment approaches and therapeutic agents. The present review describes the main experimental models of autoimmune ocular inflammatory diseases.


A inflamação ocular é uma das principais causas de perda visual e cegueira. As uveítes constituem um grupo complexo e heterogêneo de doenças caracterizadas por inflamação dos tecidos intraoculares. O olho pode ser o único órgão envolvido ou a uveíte pode ser parte de uma doença sistêmica. A etiologia é desconhecida em um número significativo de casos, que são considerados idiopáticos. Modelos animais têm sido desenvolvidos para estudar a fisiopatogênese da uveíte autoimune devido às dificuldades na obtenção de tecidos de olhos humanos inflamados para experimentos. Na maioria desses modelos, que simulam as uveítes autoimunes em humanos, a uveíte é induzida com proteínas específicas de fotorreceptores (antígeno-S, proteína ligadora de retinoide do interfotoreceptor, rodopsina, recoverina e fosducina). Antígenos não retinianos, como proteínas associadas à melanina e proteína básica de mielina, são também bons indutores de uveíte em animais. Entender os mecanismos básicos e a patogênese dessas doenças oculares é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de tratamento das uveítes autoimunes e de novos agentes terapêuticos. Nesta revisão serão abordados os principais modelos experimentais utilizados para o estudo de doenças inflamatórias oculares autoimunes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Autoimmune Diseases , Disease Models, Animal , Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/immunology , Uveitis , Autoimmune Diseases/etiology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/pathology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Eye Proteins/immunology , Phosphoproteins/immunology , Uveitis/etiology , Uveitis/immunology , Uveitis/physiopathology
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(6): 983-995, dez. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-439716

ABSTRACT

Os glicocorticóides exercem um papel importante na regulação fisiológica e na adaptação a situações de stress, sendo a maioria dos efeitos destes hormônios mediada pela interação com os receptores glicocorticóides. A sensibilidade ao glicocorticóide depende da densidade celular de receptores expressos, bem como da eficiência da transdução do sinal mediada pelo complexo hormônio-receptor. Os estados de resistência ou de hipersensibilidade ao glicocorticóide, observados, respectivamente, nas doenças inflamatórias auto-imunes e na síndrome metabólica, podem representar a variabilidade dos fatores que influenciam a cascata de sinalização do glicocorticóide. O reconhecimento destes fatores contribui para uma melhor compreensão tanto do fenótipo clínico e da evolução destas doenças quanto da resposta terapêutica com glicocorticóide. A compreensão destes mecanismos fisiopatológicos também pode contribuir para a escolha de intervenções terapêuticas. Neste artigo de revisão, descrevemos os múltiplos fatores envolvidos nesta cascata de sinalização, os quais são capazes de influenciar a sensibilidade ao glicocorticóide.


Glucocorticoids play an essential role in maintaining basal and stress-related homeostasis. Most known effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by the intracellular glucocorticoid receptors. The glucocorticoid sensitivity seems to depend on the amount of receptors expressed and the efficiency of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated signal transduction. Glucocorticoid resistance or hypersensitivity, seen in autoimmune-inflammatory diseases and in metabolic syndrome respectively, can represent the variability of several steps that influence the signaling cascade of glucocorticoid action. The recognition of these steps could provide the understanding of the clinical phenotype and course of such diseases as well as their responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy. The comprehension of these pathophysiological mechanisms can also improve the possible therapeutic interventions. In this review, we have summarized the multiple factors that have been shown to be involved in this signaling cascade and, thus, to influence glucocorticoid sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Glucocorticoids/physiology , Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology , Signal Transduction/physiology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Glucocorticoids/metabolism , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Hypersensitivity/metabolism , Inflammation/physiopathology , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects
16.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 66(2): 115-118, ago. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475812

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un breve análisis de la enfermedad autoinmune del oído interno, descrita por primera vez por Mc Cabe. El análisis comprende los aspectos fisiopatológicos, de diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad clínica. Cada aspecto tratado tiene una justificación breve pero precisa de la información bibliográfica existente al momento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Labyrinth Diseases/diagnosis , Labyrinth Diseases/physiopathology , Labyrinth Diseases/immunology , Labyrinth Diseases/therapy , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/immunology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/immunology
18.
Acta AWHO ; 20(2): 113-116, abr.-jun. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285039

ABSTRACT

A Doença Auto-Imune da Orelha Interna (DAOI) é uma entidade de interesse crescente na área médica, especialmente na otorrinolaringologia, devido à dificuldade de seu diagnóstico. É reconhecida como uma das poucas causas reversíveis de perda auditiva sensorioneural. Em geral, manifesta-se como hipoacusia sensorioneural flutuante, bilateral, rapidamente progressiva e responsiva ao tratamento com drogas imunossupressoras. A DAOI pode se apresentar como manifestação auditiva de doenças imunológicas sistêmicas como lupus eritematoso sistêmico, doença de Behcet, arterite de células gigantes, esclerose sistêmica, entre outras. Os autores apresentam uma revisão bibliográfica do tema, considerando os aspectos históricos, a forma de apresentação clínica, os exames complementares e o tratamento, ratificando a importância da DAOI no diagnóstico diferencial das disacusias sensorioneurais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Labyrinth Diseases , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Labyrinth Diseases/complications , Labyrinth Diseases/diagnosis , Labyrinth Diseases/drug therapy , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/immunology , Plasmapheresis , Prednisone/therapeutic use
19.
Rev. invest. clín ; 52(1): 80-5, ene.-feb. 2000. ilus, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292099

ABSTRACT

La miastenia gravis es un trastorno neuromuscular, autoinmune y adquirido, caracterizado por debilidad y fatigabilidad de los músculos esqueléticos. En los últimos 20 años se han generado importantes avances para entender la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y este conocimiento ha sido aplicado en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. La miastenia gravis es una de las enfermedades autoinmunes que ha sido mejor estudiada y sirve como modelo para estudio de otros trastornos autoinmunes. En esta revisión se mencionan los aspectos más relevantes de la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad y su aplicación en la práctica clínica.


Subject(s)
Myasthenia Gravis/etiology , Myasthenia Gravis/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
20.
In. Silveira, Jorge Omar Lopes da; Belträo, Gilson Correia. Exodontia. Porto Alegre, Médica Missau, 1998. p.347-60. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-211154
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